if-then-else , case statements for decision-making. Loops: for , while loops to repeat tasks. Input/Output Redirection & Pipes: > : Redirect output (overwrite file). >> : Append output.
Validate input: Ensure that necessary arguments are provided before running core logic.
Quote variables to prevent issues with spaces, e.g., "$variable" .
Run chmod +x script.sh to grant execution permissions. Run the script: Execute with ./script.sh . 6. Best Practices for Shell Programming