This essay examines the multifaceted nature of as a premier instrument of modern foreign policy, acting as a non-military, coercive tool to influence behavior. Sanctions are commercial and financial penalties imposed by states or international organizations against targets—such as countries, groups, or individuals—to force compliance with international norms, such as human rights or non-proliferation.

Specifically designed to restrict a target’s ability to procure weapons or military technology, reducing their capacity to conduct warfare or internal repression.

What Are the Different Types of Sanctions and How Do They Work?

Sanctions take many forms, often implemented together to maximize pressure:

These are broad bans on commerce, including embargoes, intended to disrupt a target's economy.